Sexual Violence against Child Soldiers: The Limits and the Dynamic of International Criminal Law based on the Ntaganda Case[1]

In addition to participating in hostilities, child soldiers are often targets, among others, for rape, sexual slavery and forced prostitution. The forcibly use of children in armed hostilities, is not restricted to physical force, but may include threat of force or coercion, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power by taking advantage of a total coercive environment.

Recent cases of the European Court of Justice

Judgment of the Court of Justice in Case C-610/15
Stichting Brein
Freedom of establishment
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BREXIT

To Stay or not to Stay – That is the question

The European Union dates back over 50 years. Its purpose was to unite the then European nations not only politically but economically with the hopes that such unification would bring about peace to the continent. From the European Coal and Steel Community to the European Economic Community to the Current European Union, the original 6 members have now more than quadrupled in number making the current size of the union 28 Member States ranging from Balkan, to Anglo Saxon to Mediterranean States.

DEVELOPMENTS IN CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY

Ratifications of the Paris Agreement

195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius

The Paris Agreement will enter into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Depositary.

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

THE PARIS AGREEMENT

195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius

The Paris Agreement for the first time brings all nations into a common cause based on their historic, current and future responsibilities. The universal agreement’s main aim is to keep a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The 1.5 degree Celsius limit is a significantly safer defense line against the worst impacts of a changing climate. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability to deal with the impacts of climate change. To reach these ambitious and important goals, appropriate financial flows will be put in place, thus making stronger action by developing countries and the most vulnerable possible, in line with their own national objectives.

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